Contemporary Marketing Assignment On Ferrari

Contemporary Marketing Assignment On Ferrari Ferrari S.p.A. is an Italian sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy. Founded by Enzo Ferrari in 1929, as Scuderia Ferrari, the company sponsored drivers and manufactured race cars before moving into production of street-legal vehicles as Ferrari S.p.A. in 1947. Throughout its history, the company has been noted for its continued participation in racing, especially in Formula One, where it has had great success. Ferrari has produced a number of concept cars, such as the Ferrari Mythos. While some of these were quite radical (such as the Ferrari Modulo) and never intended for production, others such as the Ferrari Mythos have shown styling elements which were later incorporated into production models. The most recent concept car to be produced by Ferrari themselves was the 2010 Ferrari Millechili. A number of one-off special versions of Ferrari road cars have also been produced, some of which have been commissioned by wealthy owners. One of the examples is the Ferrari P4/5. The Special Projects program is collaboration by Ferrari with Italian automobile coachbuilders such as Fioravanti, Pininfarina, and Zagato to build custom cars using selected Ferrari models as a structural base. The first car under this program is the SP1, commissioned by a Japanese business executive. The second is the P540 Superfast Aperta, commissioned by an American enthusiast. Ferrari has considered making hybrids. A F430 Spider that runs on ethanol was displayed at the 2008 Detroit Auto Show. Ferrari has announced that a hybrid will be in production by 2015. At the 2010 Geneva Motor Show, Ferrari unveiled a hybrid version of their flagship 599. Called the HY-KERS Concept, Ferraris hybrid system adds more than 100 horsepower on top of the 599 Fioranos 612 HP. Ferrari is a myth and a legend in the automotive industry. The Ferrari tale is one of an astounding and unique worldwide success. An unparalleled one. Ferrari success cannot be measured in terms of revenues and sales, or in terms of market capitalization. Ferrari never made an IPO and is not even quoted in any stock exchange market. Ferrari success has to be measured only in terms of Brand Value and Product Value. Probably the Ferrari brand is worth more than the Google brand, the Apple brand, Nike, GE, IBM, BMW, Mercedes, Exxon, Shell, or any other brand. No other brand has the allure of the Ferrari Brand. Ferrari is known and is highly valued everywhere in the world. Yet, Ferrari never spent a penny in advertisement. HISTORY: Enzo Ferrari was born in Modena Italy on February 18 1898. He came from a well to do family that owned a metal foundry making railroad parts, they were the first in his town to own a car. When WWI came Enzos father and brother (Dino) were drafted into the Italian army, whom both died from influenza in 1916. Enzo was forced to leave school to run the foundry, when the business collapsed he started work as a metalworker at the Modena Fire Brigade workshop in order to support his widowed mother. Enzo himself was later drafted into the Italian army where he worked shoeing mules for the mountain artillery, after a few months he becomming seriously ill and was released from the military. Not interested in going back to shcool and against his mothers will, he found work as a test driver in Turin in late 1918. Enzo then moved to Milan to work at CMN (Costruzioni Maccaniche Nazionali) as a racing car driver. His first real race came in the 1919, the Parma-Berceto, he then entered the Targa Fl orio that same year. Enzo then founded Scuderia Ferrari, (literally means Ferrari Stable) who were mainly sponsers and trainers for Alfa Romeo. He was officially hired by Alfa Romeo as head of their racing department in 1938, then in 1940, upon learning of the companys plan to take control of his beloved Scuderia, he quit Alfa. Since he was prohibited by contract from racing for several years, the Scuderia briefly became Auto Avio Costruzioni Ferrari, which ostensibly produced machine tools and aircraft accessories for Piaggio and RIV as Italy was gearing up for WWII. Ferrari did in fact produce one race car, the Tipo 815, in the non-competition period; it was thus the first actual Ferrari car, but due to the war it saw little competition. In 1943 the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello, where it has remained ever since. The factory was bombed in 1944 due to making machines for ball bearing production, it was rebuilt in 1946 to include a works for road car production. The first Ferrari road car was the 1947 125 S, powered by a 1.5-litre V12 engine; Enzo reluctantly built and sold his automobiles to fund the Scuderia. Since then, company cars, driven by the best drivers, have racked up over 5,000 successes on race tracks and roads all over the world, creating a legend. The most important achievements have been 9 Formula 1 Drivers World titles, 14 Manufacturers World titles, 8 Formula 1 Constructors World Championships, 9 wins at the Le Mans 24 Hours race, 8 at the Mille Miglia, 7 at the Targa Florio, and, up to the end of 1997, 113 wins in Formula 1 Grands Prix. While  Enzos beautiful and blazingly fast cars quickly gained a reputation for excellence, Enzo maintained a famous distaste for his customers, most of whom he felt were buying his cars for the prestige and not for racing. Ferrari has long been one of the ultimate toys for the rich and young (or young-at-heart). Ferrari cars feature highly-tuned small V8 and V12 engines, often in a mid-engined configuration. But until the introduction of fuel injection in the 1980s, they were quite temperamental and were dificult to maintain. Before the mid 1980s they carried a reputation for unreliability and bad engineering, though these were written off by enthusiasts as character. Ferrari owners have famously and religiously defended the merits of their cars while virulently criticizing other brands. PESTEL ANALYSIS: ACADAMIC REVIEW Through the appliance of PEST analysis a manager can examine their disclosure towards the set of possible surrounding problem (McGee et al.2005,p.13). Thomas, H (2007) (jain, 1981) defined PEST an early warning system for the environmental force which may impact a companys products and markets in the future. Moutinho, L and Evans,M (1992, pp.247) POLITICAL: ECONOMICAL: SOCIAL: TECHNOLOGICAL: ENVIOURAMNETAL: LEGAL: SWOT ANALYSIS: ACADAMIC REVIEW Barney gave SWOT a new meaning as a basic step for a firm to connect its resources to achieve advantages competitively. Barney (1991) Conventionally SWOT has been seen as a structure formed by properly combining various factors that are well thought-out significant in order to assess a firms planned position at a reasonable souk. Porter (1981). Synthesizing process creates value not only in aligning components, but also in creatively re-arranging them. Liedtke (2000, p. 22) STREANGHT OF FERRARI Extremely strong brand image Innovation technology Well motivated work-force Attitude towards new challenges WEEKNESS OF FERRARI Ferraris business model fuel efficiency emissions Due to huge waiting list Ferrari looses many customers. OPPERTUNITES FOR FERRARI Growth in the global market Expansion of the brand in new Market Enlargement of customer base Development of technology concept car THREATS FOR FERRARI Automotive policies from varies countries Tough competition Slow rate of expanding STREANGHT OF FERRARI: Extremely strong brand image. Products that are a fine combination of beauty aesthetics combined with unforgettable performance. The brand has connected to itself an aura of mystique. It is looked upon as a status symbol for general people. Ferrari takes on new challenges on a constant basis with a head on attitude. Innovation technology are key drivers behind every product. A very inspired, well taken care of satisfied work-force who are proud to be attached with the brand. This was further expressed publicly when Ferrari was voted the Best Place to Work in Europe 2007à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ³. WEEKNESS OF FERRARI: Ferraris business model, based around low volumes, removes the possibility of employing certain technological solutions. That same business model also limits their sales volumes even though a lot more demand is present in the market. Due to their waiting list model, they lose out on customers to the competition. A big challenge lying in wait is fuel efficiency emissions which are growing in importance every day, thanks to spreading concerns over the environment. OPPERTUNITES FOR FERRARI: Growth in the global market for high-performance super-cars due to growing economies developing nations. Expansion of the brand through entering into new important automotive markets like India wherein competitors like Porsche have already set up base. Enlargement of customer base (increase appeal of their products to a more variety of buyers) through adding comfort, roominess, luggage space, engines that are more user friendly, and so on, while at the same time maintaining traditional Ferrari characteristics-performance, style, exclusivity. Ferrari has been exploiting this aspect for a while it has been a key contributor to their success in the past 15 years. Development of technology (for example interfacing electronics with mechanical systems) has opened up new avenues to explore for their products. Packaging i.e. the concept of the car is another area which still has years to explore. THREATS FOR FERRARI: Automotive policies being pushed by countries continents all over the world which are being strictly enforced like the emission norms of 130g/km of CO2 are very difficult to keep up with due to the performance oriented nature of the engines built by Ferrari. Tough competition from other iconic super car brands like Lamborghini Porsche A competing brand like Porsche does not follow the same low volumes, high on exclusivity model which is followed by Ferrari hence sells a lot more of its products captures a large chunk of the market share. Once again, competitors like Lamborghini Porsche are expanding their product range to high performance SUVs wherein Porsche has already been very successful with its Cayenne model, all over the world in particular, in India, which has lead to its success in the Indian market. Ferrari has not announced any plans for such a product (high-performance SUV) as of yet i.e.-2009. MARKETING MIX: Product High Performance super cars. Though the company is also heavily into 3rd party merchandising. Pricing Priced at a premium, they start at prices upwardly of 175,000 $US. Vintage Ferrari cars are also a great investment as Vintage Ferraris appreciate in value are known to cost millions of US Dollars Promotions The strongest promotion for Ferrari is in its merchandising. It already enjoys immense awareness throughout the world; even in places it doesnt do any promotion. To the extent that in India, wherein the brand is not even present as of yet, it is very well known. Furthermore, the merchandising is done on a royalty license basis to other brands (E.g. Puma selling Ferrari-Puma branded shoes). Place It has its exclusive Ferrari dealerships spread over 52 countries as of yet with plans to expand its dealerships to other countries markets. People A very inspired, well taken care of satisfied work-force who are proud to be attached with the brand is what Ferrari offers its people. With factories, production units workplaces built around the safety health of its workers, Ferrari was voted the Best Place to Work in Europe 2007à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ³. Process They are reliant heavily into RD, innovation staying at the cutting edge of technology. Therefore, their process is in a constant state of flux which is forever changing adapting with what the environment around them demands. Physical Evidence Dealerships across the globe showcasing their cars along with merchandise offering the customer a lounge sort of experience rather than that of a showroom. This is done keeping in mind the lifestyle of their potential custom As from the above table BCG MATRIX: ACADAMIC REVIEW The BCG growth-share mould was extremely significant. It made noticeable the concern of allotment across companies, that some businesses should fabricate ready money that supports others. Aaker, A.D. (1988,pp.133) The fundamental compositions of the BCG mould have stayed admired and are still integrated in almost every MBA syllabus. Calandro Jr, j and lane, S (2007) Star Ferrari 275 Ferrari 360 Ferrari 420 Ferrari F512 Ferrari F60 Ferrari F70 ? Ferrari Spider 458 Ferrari hybrid F151 Ferrari F70 Cash Cow Enzo Ferrari Ferrari Mondial Ferrari Testarossa Ferrari California Dog None According to the BCG matrix, Cars like Enzo Ferrari, Mondial, Testarossa, California are the most cash generating cars of the company. This cars generates the maximum amount of the revenue for the company. Other than these Cars like Ferrari 275, 360, 420, 512, F60 and F70 are the most selling cars as it is liked by consumers. Cars like Spider, Hybrid S70 are some new project of the company which are under development. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE: As from the above figure tells us, the Enzo Ferrari car is in its Maturity period. This car has been a big success for the company since the day of its launch. Though Enzo Ferrari is an old car but cause of its revived versions taken out by the company, the car never loses its grip in the Market. PORTERS FIVE: ACADAMIC REVIEW Porters work in 1980, Competitive Strategy (book), and his set-up of the porters five force presented a structure to study the peripheral surrounding orderly as a technique of budding and ready for action tactics Michael E. Porter (1998[1980]). Calandro Jr, J and Lane, S (2007) Michael E. Porters five force model has been developed by Succeeding practitioners. Though testing such kind of examination may be extremely difficult as it do not sums up simply Robert Simpson and Antonio Davila (1998). Calandro Jr, J and Lane, S (2007) Michael E. Porter claimed if an association has to develop an aggressive tactic it should initially calculate its situation inside the business alongside the five aspects; supplier consumer bargain power, Threats to new entrants substitute, Cut- throat rivalry. Tay, L (2006) SHELL MATRIX: ACADAMIC REVIEW Business position of shell matrix appears much appropriate for a merchandise range investigation motive is a variety of aspects depicting market pleasant appearance along with industry status establishes the progression of a manufactures good beside its life tenure, Chee, H Harris, R. (1998,pp.61) Rich Elite Class Targeted Audience Luxury Hotels Airlines Europe India Strong Brand name image Loyal Customers MARKET ATTRACTIVENESSHigh Low Medium High Medium Low COMPANYS STRENGHT !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ANSOFF MATRIX: ACADAMIC REVIEW Several writers have remarked on the boundaries of strategic alternative presented towards the small firm, by good value of such features as small market share and precincts of resources and talent (e.g. Carson, 198). Watts, G et al. (1998) Ansoff (1965) some time ago assumed that strategy and objectives are interchangeable both at different points in time and different levels within the organisation. Thus elements of strategy at a high level become objectives at lower level. Adcock, D (2000,pp.21) The Ansoff growth matrix guides an organisation in relation to ocus their labours and consideration. Lake, N (2002,pp.145) New Product Existing Product MARKET PENITRATION Different Schemes. Warranty on its products. Free servicing for a specific period. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Investing in Research Development. Add new products to product range. Feedback/customer survey. MARKET DEVELOPMENT Super Bikes. Cloths/ Accessories. Airlines. Luxury Hotels. DIVERSIFICATION Airlines Existing market New Market (Model adapted from Mindtools, 2010 own research) As from the above Marketing tool we can conclude that Enzo Ferrari car the Ferrari Company has a very diverse market for Development penetration. MARKET PENITRATION: The Company has a wide scope of penetrating the market by giving its customers varies attractive schemes. These schemes can be seasonal in nature also. At present the company doesnt have any schemes like its competitors. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: The Company can widen their product range by entering into new market. Ferrari can also invest in research development to enhance its existing product range to innovate new cars. Company can also take feedbacks on its products as this can also help enhancing the product. MARKET DEVELOPMENT: The Company has a big opportunity in the new market. Ferrari can make sports Bike as it is connected to the field in which the company is from last 100 years. This new shift can add a boost to the company brand name sales. The company equally has a scope in the Domestic Airline sector. It can start a new airline as it already provides some spare parts of airplane to the company like Boeing Airbus. Luxury Hotels can also be a possible profitable business for a brand like Ferrari. DIVERSIFICATION: The Company can diversify and explore new possible field like in airline business. This field isnt new for Ferrari as it produces many spare parts and engines for small airplanes. This business is highly profitable and can increase the brand value of the Ferrari. RECOMENDATIONS The following recommendations are taken from the critical study of all the above Matrixes Analysis. Expanding the existing Market: The Ferrari needs to expand needs existing market as its fan following is the worldwide and the consumer doesnt find it easy to export the car from other country as it cost highly. The company can wider its network in countries like China, India, Brazil where their isnt a single outlet of the company but has a wide scope for Ferrari cars as this countrys economy is booming. Services: No doubt that Ferrari has an excellent quality of services for its customers. But due to its in box policy (Services are available in very limited countries) the customer think twice before buying a Ferrari Car. 3rd Party Merchandizing: Ferrari is already in the 3rd party merchandizing but in a very limited area, e.g. Caps, T-shirts, etc. The company should expand its area and try to explore new areas. This new field of merchandizing has a great opportunity as revenue can also be generated which is helpful for companys growth. Sponsorship: The company heavily invest in sponsorship especially in formula 1. Due to this mostly racing community is acquainted with the name of Ferrari. Sponsoring various even like Olympics, Football can be a great deal. This could also add some reputation to the companys image. Sponsoring a global event always attract more peoples attention than the methods of sponsoring like T.V, Radio, etc. Charity: Charity is almost done by every big firm or name as its attracts the people in an emotional way. Donating in charity always attracts media attention due to which free publicity is also created the brand name gets a moral touch in the general consumers eye. Eco-Friendly: The company should start concentrating on the eco friendly issues as the general public is getting more aware of it. Unlike other Ferrari cars has a less mileage with emission of more gasses [About 3 Lit. for a Km]. The Ferrari should make some changes in its V12 engine as it has some world best engineers with them from the eco friendly point of view. The Ferrari should also come up with a car which doesnt work on fossil fuel., e.g. Hydrogen, Water, Electricity just like its counterpart are doing to gain special attention. Due to this the image of the company can also change for good. Entering into new Financial fields: The Ferrari S.P.A is a company which is almost 100 years old but still its name isnt on any stock exchange in the world. Enlisting its name in a stock exchange can add some serious revenue inflow in the company. They should also disclose its financial Audit e.g. Profit Loss statement, Balance sheet, etc to the general public officially. Cause of this the company- customer relation can strengthen up. New methods of Brand Promotion: Ferrari should indulge into some new ways of promoting itself e.g. Internet, media, etc. Ferrari doesnt follow any promoting schemes for its Brand in anyway. Due to this the consumer arent aware of Ferrari and its new launches. The Ferrari website is so far the best website in the internet but it still needs some improvement e.g. If the visitor could make its own Ferrari car in a innovated way. This technique can be used not only form the gaming points of view but also economically. If the customers are allowed to choose how their car will be it could be a great deal. Even from the hits on the site which are made by the visitors, the revenue can be generated. Ferrari should advertise in social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc where they can grab the attention of the general public directly with a more effective way. Exploring new possibilities: The Company should explore new possibilities in terms of its Car range. Although the Brand name Ferrari is known for its Super Sports Car but to grab new market in this competitive world the company should launch some variants of cars in new segments like SUV, Luxury, Small, etc. This possible increase the sales of the company with the brand name more familiar and household. There is also a lot of opportunities for Ferrari in this new segments of cars. The company can also explore its possibilities in sports bikes segment as it only manufactures sports cars. This new tag can go with the Ferrari. Cost cautious Policy: The company can be a bit cost cautious as the cheapest Ferrari is about $300,000, which is a large amount. By reducing the cost of the car the sales of the company can increase, as there are many people who are willing to buy this car. The company can also use its hand in the car reselling market. This could also generate a fair amount of money. By increasing the sales, employment in the company will also increase as there is just hand full of labours in Ferrari due to its modernised and mechanised techniques of making cars. BIBLOGRAPY Aaker, A.D. (1988) Strategic Marketing Management.5th ed. United States of America, Courier/Westford. Adcock, D. (2000) Marketing Strategies for Competitive Advantage. Midsomer Norton, Bookcraft (Bath) Ltd. Calandro Jr, J and Lane, S. (2007) Conceptual paper. A New Competitive Analysis Tool: the relative profitability and growth matrix [Internet], 35(2), pp.30-38. Available from: [Accessed 6 December 2010]. Chee, H and Harris, R. (1998) Global Marketing Strategy. GREAT BRITAIN, FINANCIAL TIMES PITMAN PUBLISHING. Lake, N. (2002) The Strategic Planning Workbook. Great Britain, Clays Ltd. Mindtools.(2010) Ansoff Matrix [Internet]. Available from: [Accessed 7 December 2010]. Moutinho, L and Evans, M. (1992) Applied Marketing Research. Harlow, England, Addison Wesley. Tay, L. (2006) Case study. Strategic facilities management of Suntec Singapore International Convention and Exhibition Centre: A case study [Internet], 24(3/4), pp.120-131. Available from: [Accessed 7 December 2010]. Thomas, H. (2007) Viewpoint. An analysis of the environment and competitive dynamics of management education [Internet], 26(1), pp.9-21. Available from: [Accessed 5 December 2010]. Watts, G et al. (1998) Research paper. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour Research [Internet], 4(2), pp. 101-111. Available from: [Accessed 5 December 2010]. Ferrari FAQ. (2006). Ferrari History.[Internet]. Available from :. [Last accessed 13th November 2010].

Five Management Functions in the Army

Every successful organization uses the five management functions; but not many can compare with the United States Armed Forces. I am currently serving in the U. S. Army and this organization has effectively applied the five management functions, because its existence depends on those five functions. They Army is constantly engaging in the five management functions; their operations are well led, organized, carefully planned, staffed, and constantly evaluated. I do not believe there is any organization other than the military where you would see these five functions linking so well coordinated.â€Å"Planning is a systematic process in which managers make decisions about future activities and the key goals that the organization will pursue. The necessity of careful environmental scanning has an immediate impact on planning processes† (Reilly, Minnick, and Baack, 2011, sec. 7. 2). Making plans for future activities is one of the Army’s key functions; without planning its s ubordinate commands would deteriorate and lose focus on mission objectives and the quality of work.In the Army, we use the Eight-Step Training Model; for which planning always starts out backwards by starting with the objective and working its way back to day zero. The planning is then broken down into three phases; long term, short-term and near term depending on the size of the organization or unit. I find the planning phase in the Army to be very effective because it is important for employees or soldiers to know what needs to happen in the days ahead. â€Å"The design methodology provides a means of approximating complex problems that allows for meaningful action† (Grigsby, 2011, p.  30).Proper use of planning in the Army keeps the employees motivated and goal oriented. When planning in the Army goes wrong, you have Soldiers sitting around waiting on orders, people go unaccounted for, and will eventually negatively affect the other four management functions. Leadership is one of the key elements of the Army; in fact, it is one of its core values. Without the function of leading, the military would have no effect. The Army depends on leadership to be able to effectively organize, staff, plan, and control in order to have a productive work environment.â€Å"Leading in a business context, consists of all activities undertaken to help people achieve the highest level of performance† (Reilly, Minnick, and Baack, 2011, sec. 7. 2). In the Army everyone is a leader to a certain extend because we all have the same goal. We are taught that â€Å"leadership is having the ability to influence people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation while operating to accomplish the mission and improving the organization†; when asked â€Å"What is leadership? † that will be the answer you will get from every Soldier (Department of the Army, 2006).The Army, like other military services, is unique for leader development for two reasons; one is because the system is made so that you either move up in rank or get out; in other words if you fail to get promoted after a certain amount time then it is time for you to get out. In civilian organizations, employees can attain a certain level and remain that level until retirement. Second reason for its uniqueness in leadership is that they do not hire leaders outside of their organization; instead, senior level positions become filled by the individuals that are able to achieve promotion within the same organization (Fallesen, 2011).â€Å"Organizing is the process of bringing people and resources together to create products and services in an efficient and effective manner† (Reilly, Minnick, and Baack, 2011, sec. 7. 2). In order for the Army to work, it requires a lot of organization; this is because there are so many different components that are required in order to make it operational and self-sufficient. Due to the size of the Army and any other military components; i t is important to departmentalize different parts of it but essentially these parts have to be able to complement each other and work together to achieve mission success.Take a deployment for example; when the Army deploys, it deploys several different units. These units have different tasks that will allow the entire organization to function as a whole; this means that if an infantry unit is due to deploy it will not deploy by itself, several different units will deploy to support the main objective. In other words, one part of the organization is tasked with the mission; the other portions of the organization will provide support such as transportation, resources, administrative support, etc.In order to make this happen, these organizations must train together in order to know how each of their functional bodies fit into each other’s mission. It is almost like pieces to a puzzle watching different parts of the Army work together; even if they have never worked together or t rained together, these organizations are able to fall in sync and make it happen. Using the management function of organization in the Army requires strong leadership and careful planning because if not properly executed the end results could be catastrophic and the loss unmentionable.The Army is a unique organization that values history and tradition, in order to preserve its heritage the Army has many different criteria that individuals must meet or exceed. It is important for military leadership to choose the right individuals to join their ranks because these will be their future leaders; for this reason, staffing is a very important management function. â€Å"Staffing shares the human element with leading. Staffing involves choosing the right people.Leading includes enticing the highest levels of performance from those people† (Reilly, Minnick, and Baack, 2011, sec. 7. 2). Whether it is a time of war or peace, the Army’s recruiting mission is probably one of the h ardest and most demanding jobs. Recruiters are trained to select and train new Soldiers prior to shipping them off to Basic Training. To become a recruiter one must have exceptional leadership capabilities and it means that one must be willing and able to sacrifice a lot of personal and family time.Recruiters are the sales-people of the Army, they must spend time with new recruits, influencing them and teaching them the core values of the organization. It takes a lot of commitment, because new recruits are not obligated to anything until they actually sign their contract the day they ship off Basic Training. At the same time, this gives recruiters the insight they need to determine if an individual belongs in the Army or not. As my previous leaders have often said, â€Å"You chose the Army, it did not choose you†.It takes a certain type of individual to join the service, not everyone is made for the military. Aside from recruiting goals, the Army also has retention goals in o rder to maintain a certain level of strength in the military. Prior deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan, the military’s retention goals and recruitment goals went up in order to satisfy the demand for troops overseas and troops to replace the ones overseas. It shaped and evolved the organization in order to meet these demands; it also required changes in its structure, resources, and planning.Because of the Army’s staffing needs during two simultaneous wars, we saw changes like rescinding the â€Å"Don’t Ask Don’t Tell Policy† and the opening of combat roles for women in the military. â€Å"Controlling has one element in common with staffing. Both are involved in the performance appraisal process for individual employees. Standards link controlling and planning. Further, controlling begins the process of creating the next set of plans† (Reilly, Minnick, and Baack, 2011, sec. 7. 2).The Army takes feedback seriously, for this reason they have implemented many different ways to gather information that will allow the organization to improve in every aspect. The Army does well at rewarding good performance and by doing so it gives Soldiers the inspiration they need to attain such rewards. Performance is evaluated in a matter that it provides its employees the feedback they need to improve in the areas identified and a way to help the Army identify anyone that does not need to be promoted to a leadership position.Another way the Army applies the control function is by using After Action Reviews, in which it collects information following every training exercise in order to make improvements and identify areas to sustain. After action reviews all allow Soldiers to identify areas that their leaders need to improve on, such as conduct or performance during the training exercises; in the civilian world it is usually referred as constructive criticism (Rakow, 2005). By using these evaluative tools, the Army is able to create flex ible leaders that are able to adapt and perform under any given circumstance.The five management functions are very effective and very necessary in the military. The Army and any other military branch are prime examples of how these functions are linked to one another and perfectly explain why one function cannot exist without the others. The success of the Army revolves around their effectiveness in applying these functions into their everyday operations; it allows them to operate smoothly, allocate the proper resources, groom its employees in to leaders, identify areas of improvement, and carefully plan and organize future training events and contingencies.

Obamas First-Term Domestic Agenda

Human And Social Interaction And Development Of Self

Concepts of oneself, include the perceptions one might have about status, class, abilities sociologists study how self-identity develops especially in relation to social factors as majority of them belive â€Å"One way in which a person s sense of self is constructed is by other people is by how others seem to regard and respond to us† (uts, p.22). Goffman uses the imagery of the theatre in order to portray the importance of human and social interaction and the development of self whilst Mead believes that self is developed through a constant internal conversion of â€Å"I† and â€Å"Me†. However, both researchers have been criticised due to their researches being considered as too deterministic. Mead is popular for his concept of â€Å"I† and â€Å"Me†. According to Mead the self has two sides the â€Å"I† which is about the persons individuality e.g. â€Å"How do I want to behave?† in this given situation and The â€Å"Me† which represents the attitude of others e.g. â€Å"How does society want me to behave†. Mead believes that this is how we deal with all situations and only when a comprise between â€Å"I† and â€Å"Me† is met is when action is taken. Ritzer supported this as he stated that â€Å"individuals carry society around with them, giving them ability, through self-criticism, to control themselves† (Ritzer, 2008) Mead stated this constant battle of â€Å"I† and â€Å"Me† is continuous as he states that we chose to show ourselves differently to different people depending on the value of their relationship to our â€Å"I† and theShow MoreRelatedCooley And Mead s Theories1287 Words   |  6 PagesAs humans grow and develop, we become more complex and structured through the process of interaction and communication. 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In this Paper will discuss theRead MoreSocial Learning Theory : Theory Of Reward And Punishment Of Behavioral Reinforcement955 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Learning Theory: Albert Bandura (1977), a psychologist, proposed social learning theory to integrate the behaviorism with the cognitive theory to explain why people behave in a certain way, irrespective of the type of environment they are in. Bandura tried to integrate the behavior, cognition, and the environment to postulate the social learning theory. Many academicians have seen Bandura as the neo-behaviorist theorist (positivist) despite the fact that he believed in self-help, self-regulationRead MoreThe Theory Of Nursing Theory1463 Words   |  6 Pagesnursing theory by explaining the importance of nursing theory. I will explore Imogene King’s Conceptual Framework and Theory of Goal Attainment and how it pertains to Emergency Nursing. 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Three ideas comprise the looking-glass ‘self’: First, we see in our mind’s eye how we appear to others, second we imagine their judgment of how we appear to them, and third we develop our ‘self’ (our own identity) receiving the judgments from others (IsaksenRead MorePsychology and U nderstanding Human Behavior1745 Words   |  7 PagesTwo: Adolescent Development in the Social Environment Gender and Sexual Orientation | | Details | Due | Points | Objectives | 1 2.1 Describe the social, biological, and psychological development of an individual during adolescence. 2.2 Analyze individual and family interactions associated with adolescence. 2.3 Explain the social constructs of gender and sexual orientation. | | | Reading | Read Ch. 6 of Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment.